فصلنامه پژوهش های سیاستگذاری و برنامه ریزی انرژی
سال هفتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1400)

Due to the reduction of natural gas production capacity, the need to diversify the power generation resources and the approvals of the High Energy Council, the need to increase the share of renewable energy, especially photovoltaic systems, in electricity generation in the coming years is essential. The most important task of policy makers in this field is to formulate and implement a business model for the development of these systems based on the environmental characteristics of the country. This article intends to compare the types of photovoltaic development business models in the world based on the impact on barriers to the development of this industry in Iran with the formation of a lean canvas. Based on the content analysis of related domestic and international reports and articles, 142 barriers were identified in three levels of international, national and industrial in Iran and were prioritized based on the opinions of 15 academic, industrial and governmental experts. Accordingly, the most important obstacles to the development of photovoltaics in the country were identified and based on the formation of a lean canvas, the model of the customer or third-party’s owner and controller of system, the most appropriate business model to overcome these obstacles in Iran was identified. One of the most important consequences of this model will be the creation of a competitive market in the country and the non-governmentalization of this industry.

Gaining economic benefits from the use of technological capabilities depends on improving the commercialization capacity of enterprises. Despite the different views on commercialization, this research focuses on the independent commercialization of technology, which means revenue generation from the transfer of technology. In the meantime, addressing the role of external intermediaries of technology transfer and their capabilities in facilitating commercialization is very important. The purpose of this research is applied and its implementation method is qualitative based on grounded theory. For this purpose, by studying the documents and receiving the opinions of Iranian oil and gas industry experts, more than 200 open codes in the form of 46 main categories were determined in the MAXQDA software. Based on the research findings, 10category of government policy, commercialization strategies, technology transfer capability, intermediary capability, commercialization business, commercialization benefits, mission of intermediaries, capabilities and resource of independent technology commercialization, technology diplomacy and inter-firm partnership have been identified as components of commercialization model. As a results of this research, technology commercialization model in oil and gas industry has been developed and along whit it, suggestions for implementing independent technology commercialization process have been presented.

The trade in fossil fuels is one of the sources of income and one of the important factors of economic growth and development. Most developing countries, due to the lack of sufficient technology in the production process, do not have the ability to properly refine fossil fuels, and in return, by adopting a policy of exporting fossil fuels and importing goods, transfer the pollution to other countries. In other words, the trade in fossil fuels of developing countries and developed and industrialized countries causes the transmission of pollution through transportation channels and production channels. Also, population growth and production due to fossil fuel consumption are among the factors affecting this pollution transfer (fossil energy exports) between countries with trade relations. Using a multivariate panel linear model, this paper examines the impact of the fossil fuel trade on CO2 emissions, focusing on the transmission of pollution between target countries during the period 2018-2000. The results show that fossil energy trade channels (transportation and production) have a significant effect on CO2 emissions. The results also showed that the effects of transportation and manufacturing on CO2 emissions in developed countries are higher compared to developing countries, which indicates the transfer of pollution from developing countries to developed countries. Other results show that population growth and GDP have a positive and significant relationship with fossil fuel exports and pollution transmission between target countries, and trade freedom increases the volume of fossil fuel trade and thus increases CO2 emissions.

Iran is ranked first in the world in terms of natural gas storage.Natural gas consumption in Iran has always been growing and there has been no effort to save from Iranian households. Per capita energy consumption in Iran is three times the global average and 13 times that of Japan. In this study, we tried to determine the main factors that affect resedential gas consumption. By referring to 384 rsedential gas consumers and asking households about the criteria specified from the strategic model of optimal consumption of resedential gas, as well as talking with some of them about consumption indicators, questionnaires have been completed and has been studied. Quantitative analysis has been used and by analyzing the data and using factor analysis and path analysis (lisrel) and )spss(, the main factors of gas consumption in households and the effect of each indicator have been determined

This study aims to fill the gap between the theory and practice of formulating a public policy agenda in the Energy Commission of the Parliament and its purpose is to provide conditions for activating participatory and innovative capacities to improve the public policy of the Parliament. The aim is to create a common understanding of the issues on the agenda and to strengthen the ability of stakeholders to cooperate effectively in participatory policy-making. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive nature, in terms of survey implementation method and to review the theoretical foundations of the research and secondary information, the library method and semi-structured interviews have been used. Research Methodology The research foundation and statistical community include members of the Energy Commission of the Parliament, energy policy specialists in the executive ministries, the Syndicate of Contractors, the General Directorate of Energy of the Program and Budget Organization, academic public policy experts who have articles in this field. Are energy industry activists, and the Energy Research Institute, which selected 22 people using targeted judging. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used with SPSS software for the average of interviews and LISREL was used for confirmatory factor analysis.From the results of open coding of qualitative data collected using the interview tool, 31 open codes were identified from 114 concepts. The results of the axial coding included 88 items in 28 categories.

This paper aims to investigate transition paths and reasons of failure of Iran’s wind turbines industry in transition to sustainability successfully. In this regard, a qualitative approach and case study strategy have been used. For this purpose, based on type of national innovation system, the transition path and sustainability transition status of the wind turbines industry in selected countries were studied. Then the historical evolution of wind turbines industry in Iran has been surveyed from 1988 to 2020, and the current situation of this industry based on sustainable transitions and multilevel level perspective theoretical framework (MLP) and transition paths in each period of development has been identified. In the next step, the reasons of failure in the development stages of the industry are extracted based on the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with industry experts. Then, based on innovative logic in the literature of innovation policies and the experiences of the studied countries, appropriate policy proposals are presented to pave the way for the transition of Iran’s wind turbines industry. The results of this study show that transition of Iran's wind turbines industry has been identified in the three stages, the path of first stage (1988-2007) was of the transformation path type, the second stage (2007-2016) was of the reconfiguration type. However, in the third stage (2016-2020), Iran's wind turbines industry has not been able to use technological alternatives to transition to sustainability because of some reasons such as directionality failure, demand articulation failure, policy coordination failure and reflexivity failure.